Fiber Optic Wiki

Cincinnati Bell becomes utility with Cincinnati Bell Energy

August 10, 2011

Utilities offering telecom services are nothing new. But reverse that scenario and you have something unusual. Communications services provider Cincinnati Bell Inc. (NYSE:CBB) has partnered with Viridian Energy to form Cincinnati Bell Energy. The company will now offer green retail energy in southwestern Ohio alongside voice, video, and Internet services.

Juniper Networks, Telefonica demo IP/optical multilayer architecture

August 10, 2011

Juniper Networks (NYSE:JNPR) says it has collaborated with Telefonica's Research and Development division (Investigación y Desarrollo, I+D) to demonstrate a dynamic IP/optical multilayer network architecture. The architecture coordinates the interaction of IP and optical network layers in a way that reduces complexity and improves economics, Juniper Networks asserts.

AFL unveils rugged, easy-to-use variable optical attenuator for telecom, broadband link activation

August 10, 2011

For telecom and broadband link activation tasks, AFL is launching its NOYES VOA6-SM variable optical attenuator, enabling users to "dial in" attenuation values for confirming optical link budgets and operating margins or for determining the optical padding required to match power levels.

Diffuse reflection

August 10, 2011

The propagation of light through the core of an optical fiber is based on total internal reflection of the lightwave. Rough and irregular surfaces, even at the molecular level of the glass, can cause light rays to be reflected in many random directions. This type of reflection is referred to as "diffuse reflection", and it is typically characterized by wide variety of reflection angles. Most objects that can be seen with the naked eye are visible due to diffuse reflection. Another term commonly used for this type of reflection is "light scattering". Light scattering from the surfaces of objects is our primary mechanism of physical observation. Light scattering from many common surfaces can be modelled by lambertian reflectance.

UV-Vis-IR absorption of Light scattering

August 10, 2011

In addition to light scattering, attenuation or signal loss can also occur due to selective absorption of specific wavelengths, in a manner similar to that responsible for the appearance of color. Primary material considerations include both electrons and molecules as follows:

MPLS and IP

August 9, 2011

MPLS cannot be compared to IP as a separate entity because it works in conjunction with IP and IP's IGP routing protocols. MPLS LSPs provide dynamic, transparent virtual networks with support for traffic engineering, the ability to transport Layer-3 (IP) VPNs with overlapping address spaces, and support for Layer-2 pseudowires using Pseudowire Emulation Edge-to-Edge (PWE3) that are capable of transporting a variety of transport payloads (IPv4, IPv6, ATM, Frame Relay, etc). MPLS-capable devices are referred to as LSRs. LSR devices provide traffic engineering functions can be defined using explicit hop-by-hop configuration,dynamically routed by the Constrained Shortest Path First (CSPF) algorithm, or configured as a loose route that avoids a particular IP or that is partly explicit and partly dynamic.

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